Creation and dissemination of knowledge has always been a central mission of higher education. As early as the 1920s, a few universities were transferring research results from the laboratory to the commercial marketplace for public use and benefit. But technology transfer as an enterprise did not begin to emerge until 1945, when Vannevar Bush’s report Science—The Endless Frontier (1945) laid the groundwork for a new model of science and technology development. By articulating a persuasive argument that federal funding for university research could increase the flow of knowledge to industry and thus enhance the economy, Bush’s report led to the establishment of new federal funding agencies such as the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.